Blepharospasm

Blepharospasm is a type of dystonia (movement disorder) characterized by increased blinking and involuntary shutting of the eyes. A person with blepharospasm can have normal vision: visual disturbances are solely the result of forced eye closing. Dysfunction of the basal ganglia is thought to be the cause of blepharospasm. The basal ganglia is a deep brain region responsible for initiating and regulating movement. The exact mechanism by which the basal ganglia is damaged remains unknown, though imbalance of the neurotransmitter dopamine may be the culprit.

In rare cases, blepharospasm is inherited, usually along with generalized dystonia. Conditions like tardive dystonia, parkinsonian syndromes, and Wilson’s disease may be at an increased risk of developing blepharospasm. Other than these risk factors, the cause of damage to the basal ganglia is often unknown.

Blepharospasm typically begins with eye irritation and increased blinking. Earlier symptoms may be brought on by certain stimuli such as bright lights, emotional stress, or fatigue. Blepharospasm commonly affects both eyes. Eventually, spasms may get worse and cause the eyes to remain closed for hours at a time. In some cases blepharospasm occurs in conjunction with other facial dystonias of the mouth or jaw, causing additional symptoms. Symptoms of blepharospasm are often relieved during hours of sleep.

While blepharospasm is not fatal, it is a chronic condition that can affect a person’s ability to complete daily tasks. There is no specific test to diagnose blepharospasm. A qualified doctor can make a blepharospasm diagnosis upon a thorough physical and neurological examination. Blepharospasm should not be confused with ptosis, blepharitis, or hemifacial spasm.

There are some treatments that can be employed to reduce the symptoms of blepharospasm. Many drugs have been studied for the treatment of blepharospasm, though none appear to be uniformly effective. Drugs that may work for some patients include: clonazepam, trihexyphenidyl, and baclofen. The appropriateness of these medications should be discussed with a doctor, as they carry the risk of side effects.

Botox, or Botulinum toxin, is the primary and most effective way to treat blepharospasm. The popular cosmetic procedure, Botox, is safely and effectively used on blepharospasm patients with overwhelming success. If these treatments fail, it is possible to surgically treat blepharospasm. There are a number of complementary therapies and lifestyle changes that can also improve blepharospasm.

If you would like to learn more about blepharospasm, please contact us to speak with a qualified and experienced attorney near you.